Chapter 21:
Nuclear Chemistry
Practice Test
1.
____________ containing radioactive P-32 have been used to help clarify complex metabolic pathways.
a.
U-235 atoms
b.
Tracers
c.
Protons
d.
Fusion reactors
Hint
2.
This radioisotope is commonly used to diagnose and treat thyroid conditions.
a.
Na-24
b.
C-14
c.
Mo-99
d.
I-131
Hint
3.
2
1
H represents __________ .
a.
an alpha particle
b.
a tritium nucleus
c.
a protium nucleus
d.
a deuterium nucleus
Hint
4.
α is the nuclear symbol for ___________ .
a.
an alpha particle
b.
a gamma ray
c.
a hydrogen nucleus
d.
a beta particle
Hint
5.
The half-life of technetium-99 is 6.0 hours. How much of a 1.000-gram sample remains after 18.0 hours?
a.
0.500 g
b.
0.250 g
c.
0.125 g
d.
8.000 g
Hint
6.
_________ absorb some neutrons in a fission reactor to maintain the rate of reaction.
a.
turbines
b.
Graphite blocks
c.
Cooling towers
d.
Control rods
Hint
7.
What is the hydrogen isotope with a mass number of 3?
a.
uranium
b.
tritium
c.
helium
d.
deuterium
Hint
8.
In Einstein's famous equation E = mc
2
, which relates energy and mass, c represents the ___________________.
a.
specific heat
b.
speed of sound
c.
speed of light
d.
caloric content
Hint
9.
What is the half life of carbon-14?
a.
5730 years
b.
4320 years
c.
6000 years
d.
8440 years
Hint
10.
This portable device detects radioactivity and contains a battery and a gas-filled cylinder.
a.
film badge
b.
Geiger counter
c.
cyclotron
d.
scintillation counter
Hint
11.
Given that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, how old is a fossilized organism that contains 25.0% of the carbon-14 it did when it was alive?
a.
17 190 y
b.
11 460 y
c.
5730 y
d.
22 920 y
Hint
12.
Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation by a/an __________.
a. stable electron
b. covalent bond
c. hydrogen bond
d. unstable atomic nucleus
Hint
13.
After a/an ________________ substance is exposed to light, it continues to give off the light it has absorbed.
a.
radioactive
b.
phosphorescent
c.
organic
d.
fluorescent
Hint
14.
These devices produce most artificial elements.
a.
fission reactors
b.
centrifuges
c.
particle accelerators
d.
fusion reactors
Hint
15.
These particles sustain a nuclear fission chain reaction.
a.
beta particles
b.
alpha particles
c.
protons
d.
neutrons
Hint
16.
Two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus in this process.
a.
covalent bonding
b.
nuclear fission
c.
nuclear splitting
d.
nuclear fusion
Hint
17.
_____________ produces a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
a.
Beta decay
b.
Gamma decay
c.
Delta decay
d.
Alpha decay
Hint
18.
In an ionizing smoke detector, smoke particles interfere with the flow of ions created by _____________ from americium-241.
a.
electrons
b.
atoms
c.
alpha particles
d.
gamma rays
Hint
19.
This element accounts for most of the radiation to which people are exposed.
a.
carbon
b.
radon
c.
hydrogen
d.
phosphorus
Hint
20.
Exposure to ________________ can extend the shelf life of food.
a.
alpha particles
b.
bacteria
c.
heat
d.
gamma radiation
Hint
