Chapter 19:
The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
Scurvy is a rare disease in developed countries today because fresh fruits and vegetables provide this essential nutrient.
a. vitamin C
b. iodine
c. vitamin E
d. iron
Hint
2.
Enzymes provide active sites where _____________ can bind.
a.
alkynes
b.
substrates
c.
minerals
d.
lactases
Hint
3.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil are five different _________________ found in nucleotides.
a.
nitrogen-containing bases
b.
sugars
c.
phosphate groups
d.
nucleic acids
Hint
4.
In proteins, these structures are held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide cross-links.
a.
carbon atoms
b.
amino acids
c.
monomers
d.
polypeptides
Hint
5.
____________ are organic molecules that are required in small amounts in the diet.
a.
Proteins
b.
Carbohydrates
c.
Vitamins
d.
Lipids
Hint
6.
These lipids include cholesterol, some sex hormones, and vitamin D.
a.
sucrose polymers
b.
stearic acids
c.
oleic acids
d.
steroids
Hint
7.
Lipids serve to store energy and ________________ in the body.
a.
form bones
b.
provide calcium
c.
digest carbohydrates
d.
form membranes
Hint
8.
The sum of all the chemical reactions necessary for the life of an organism is its ____________.
a.
digestion
b.
locomotion
c.
respiration
d.
metabolism
Hint
9.
The chemistry of living things is called _______________.
a.
organic chemistry
b.
analytical chemistry
c.
inorganic chemistry
d.
biochemistry
Hint
10.
Carbohydrates are made up of these three elements.
a.
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
b.
carbon, phosphorus, and hydrogen
c.
carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
d.
carbon, calcium, and hydrogen
Hint
11.
Cells store energy by forming this compound.
a.
sucrose
b.
acetone
c.
stearic acid
d.
ATP
Hint
12.
These are biological compounds that contain a large proportion of C-H bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates.
a.
bones
b.
lipids
c.
substrates
d.
sugars
Hint
13.
What functional groups are found in the vitamin C molecule?
a.
amide, alkene, ether
b.
hydroxyl, alkyne, carbonyl
c.
amine, ester, alcohol
d.
hydroxyl, ester, alkene
Hint
14.
Animals store energy in their livers and muscles as _____________.
a.
starch
b.
sucrose
c.
glucose
d.
glycogen
Hint
15.
More than 95% of the atoms in your body are these four elements.
a.
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
b.
hydrogen, iron, silicon, and oxygen
c.
iron, phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen
d.
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, and carbon
Hint
16.
______________ are made in specific organs of the body and travel through the bloodstream to communicate with cells in other locations.
a.
Fats
b.
Vitamins
c.
Nucleic acids
d.
Hormones
Hint
17.
Glucose, fructose, and ribose are _____________.
a.
proteins
b.
disaccharides
c.
polymers
d.
monosaccharides
Hint
18.
The specific sequence of bases in an organism's DNA forms its ______________.
a.
genetic code
b.
thymine
c.
RNA
d.
nucleus
Hint
19.
____________ was the first biomolecule synthesized outside of a living cell.
a.
urea
b.
benzene
c.
formaldehyde
d.
ethanol
Hint
20.
DNA and RNA are the two kinds of ________________ found in cells.
a.
steroids
b.
carbohydrates
c.
lipids
d.
nucleic acids
Hint
