Chapter 24:
The Chemistry of Life
Practice Test
1.
What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids?
a.
amino and amido
b.
carbonyl and halogen
c.
amido and ether
d.
carboxyl and amino
Hint
2.
To function properly, the reactive site of an enzyme must have the same shape as the substrate to which it binds. This fit is commonly known as _____________.
a.
tongue and groove
b.
heme and globin
c.
projection and enclosure
d.
lock and key
Hint
3.
What sugar is used to make DNA?
a.
deoxyribose
b.
ribose
c.
dextrose
d.
ribulose
Hint
4.
____________ is the common name given to a triglyceride that is a solid at room temperature.
a.
A fat
b.
An oil
c.
A wax
d.
Cholesterol
Hint
5.
Most enzymes are ____________.
a.
lipids
b.
proteins
c.
carbohydrates
d.
denatured
Hint
6.
How many different amino acids are commonly found in living things?
a.
20
b.
10
c.
30
d.
15
Hint
7.
DNA is a molecule made of two long chains of nucleotides that are arranged in a distinctive, three-dimensional physical structure. What is this three-dimensional structure?
a.
a double helix
b.
a single helix
c.
a spherical macromolecule
d.
a pleated sheet
Hint
8.
The primary function of these two polysaccharides is to store energy.
a.
glucose and cellulose
b.
fructose and sucrose
c.
glucose and starch
d.
starch and glycogen
Hint
9.
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
a.
polymerization
b.
peptide linkage
c.
saponification
d.
lipogenesis
Hint
10.
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
a.
sucrose
b.
fructose
c.
glucose
d.
galactose
Hint
11.
What is the name of the polysaccharide that cannot be digested by humans and provides dietary fiber?
a.
glycogen
b.
amylose
c.
starch
d.
cellulose
Hint
12.
What type of chemical functional group is made when a peptide bond is formed?
a.
carbonyl
b.
amine
c.
ester
d.
amide
Hint
13.
A polypeptide of 50 or more amino acids is called a protein. What kind of molecule is the polypeptide?
a.
polymer
b.
monomer
c.
stereomer
d.
isomer
Hint
14.
What are the four primary functions and uses of proteins in living cells?
a.
energy storage, digestion, denaturation, transport
b.
catalysis, structure, transport, carrying signals
c.
denaturation, structure, transport, carrying signals
d.
recycling, digestion, polymerization, transport
Hint
15.
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
a.
catabolism
b.
anabolism
c.
metabolism
d.
cannibalism
Hint
16.
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
a.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
b.
hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
c.
nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugarstart
d.
nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
Hint
17.
Enzymes act as __________ in your body.
a.
catalysts
b.
substrates
c.
lipids
d.
carbohydrates
Hint
18.
Steroids are a type of lipid. What is the structure of a steroid?
a.
The structure is composed entirely of water—soluble molecules.
b.
The structure has many fatty acids.
c.
The basic structure is composed of four rings.
d.
The structure uses peptide bonds.
Hint
19.
What is the name given to a series of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds?
a.
lipid
b.
a clone
c.
carbohydrate
d.
protein
Hint
20.
________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
a.
Carbohydrates
b.
Polysaccharides
c.
Fatty acids
d.
Polymers
Hint
