Chapter 26:
Chemistry in the Environment
Practice Test
1.
What chemical is used to kill any microorganisms that may have remained in the water after the initial cleanup?
a.
alum
b.
silicon dioxide
c.
chlorine
d.
lime
Hint
2.
Although nitrogen gas cannot be used by plants, it can be converted into forms that plants can use. What process converts nitrogen gas into this more useful form?
a.
photosynthesis
b.
precipitation
c.
nitrogen fixation
d.
global warming
Hint
3.
Which part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
a.
stratosphere
b.
thermosphere
c.
troposphere
d.
mesosphere
Hint
4.
What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?
a.
sodium
b.
oxygen
c.
carbon
d.
nitrogen
Hint
5.
What are the two most common acid components of acid rain?
a.
nitric acid and carbonic acid
b.
nitric acid and sulfuric acid
c.
sulfuric acid and carbonic acid
d.
nitric acid and phosphoric acid
Hint
6.
What atoms make up ozone?
a.
two oxygen atoms
b.
two oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom
c.
two nitrogen atoms
d.
three oxygen atoms
Hint
7.
What is the name given to a solid inorganic, compound found in nature?
a.
vitamin
b.
precipitation
c.
mineral
d.
solution
Hint
8.
Which of following is the blanket of pollution that is formed when sunlight reacts with chemicals in the air?
a.
rain
b.
ozone
c.
smog
d.
chlorofluorocarbons
Hint
9.
Acid rain chemically reacts with calcium carbonate, the major component of limestone and marble, which are used to make buildings and statues. What are the chemical products formed when calcium carbonate reacts with nitric acid?
a.
carbon dioxide, water, and calcium nitrate
b.
calcium carbonate and nitric acid
c.
nitrous oxide and calcium hydroxide
d.
carbonic acid and calcium hydroxide
Hint
10.
When an increase in greenhouse gases leads to an increase in the temperature over all of Earth, a specific condition occurs. What is the common name for this condition?
a.
ozone hole
b.
global warming
c.
carbon cycle
d.
photosynthesis
Hint
11.
What percentage of the hydrosphere is actually liquid freshwater?
a.
2.1%
b.
0.6%
c.
97%
d.
72%
Hint
12.
What is the measure of salt concentration in seawater called?
a.
molarity
b.
aquation
c.
density
d.
salinity
Hint
13.
Seawater is desalinated commercially in some areas of the world by _____________.
a.
precipitation
b.
reverse osmosis
c.
adsorption
d.
distillation
Hint
14.
Which gas is present in the highest concentration in the atmosphere?
a.
carbon dioxide
b.
nitrogen
c.
argon
d.
oxygen
Hint
15.
What is the source of power that drives the water cycle?
a.
the Sun
b.
nuclear power plants
c.
gravity
d.
tides
Hint
16.
What term is used to describe a metal-containing mineral that can be processed for a reasonable profit?
a.
crust
b.
ore
c.
slag
d.
gangue
Hint
17.
During the municipal treatment of water, a process is used to combine air with dissolved harmful, organic substances and convert them to harmless compounds. What is this process called?
a.
sedimentation
b.
coagulation
c.
filtering
d.
aeration
Hint
18.
What chemicals are used by plants to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis?
a.
carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate
b.
water and calcium carbonate
c.
carbon dioxide and nitrogen
d.
carbon dioxide and water
Hint
19.
Nitrogen is oxidized in the atmosphere and in the soil by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. What is the most oxidized form of nitrogen?
a.
nitrogen dioxide
b.
nitrogen monoxide
c.
ammonia
d.
nitrate
Hint
20.
Photodissociation in the upper atmosphere prevents some harmful radiation from reaching Earth’s surface. What type of radiation is absorbed during photodissociation?
a.
infrared radiation
b.
high-energy ultraviolet radiation
c.
radio waves
d.
visible radiation
Hint
